This report assesses obstacles and risks to the implementation of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement and outlines steps to be taken to avoid a return to conflict. The product of a seminar held by the Horn of Africa Group, this paper brings together perspectives from officials, opinion leaders, academic specialists and foreign policy-makers. Copublished by the RVI with Chatham House (the Royal Institute of International Affairs), the Royal African Society and the Centre of African Studies, University of London.