HIRSHABELLE’S POLITICAL SETTLEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEANINGFUL AND INCLUSIVE POLITICAL PROCESSES
Overview: Hirshabelle’s volatile political settlement Hirshabelle has been the site of continued political instability since its hasty formation as a Federal Member State (FMS) in October 2016, combining the two regions of Hiiraan and Middle Shabelle. Throughout the process, key constituencies in Hiiraan argued that the region should be a separate FMS rather than be […]
GEEDDI-SOCODKII SIYAASADEED EE SOOMAALIYA EE 2021-22: CASHARRADA LAGA BARTAY IYO DIMUQRAADIYADDA MUSTAQBALKA
HORDHAC Tan iyo 2012-kii, markii Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ay beddeshay Dowladdii Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ahayd, Soomaaliya waxa ay isku dayday in ay ballaariso hannaanka lagusoo xulo hoggaanka iyadoo la aadayo nidaam dimoqraadi ah. Ilaa iyo hadda, horumarka laga gaaray doorasho qof iyo cod ah ayaa ah mid xaddidan, halka geeddi-socodyada doorashadu ay noqdeen kuwo dhaliya colaado, […]
SOMALIA’S 2021-22 POLITICAL TRANSITION: LESSONS LEARNED FOR FUTURE DEMOCRATIZATION
OVERVIEW Since 2012, when the internationally recognized Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) replaced the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), Somalia has sought to expand its process for selecting its leaders towards more democratic forms. So far, progress towards universal suffrage has been limited, whilst electoral processes have become serious conflict flashpoints, distracting from other core state-building […]
PUNTLAND DEMOCRACY: THE NEED FOR AN EFFECTIVE JUDICIARY SYSTEM
An all-inclusive Community Conference held in Garowe from May-August 1998 established Puntland State of Somalia. A guiding three-year Provisional Charter, endorsed in the Community Conference, sanctioned the formation of basic governance functions divided into the executive, legislative and judiciary organs. It defined the mandates of each organ and underscored the independence of each organ to […]
MANAGING VOTERS ILLITERACY IN PUNTLAND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTIONS
In 1972, the rate of literacy in the Republic of Somalia was estimated to be 5.40 per cent of the total population. Soon afterwards in 1974 the Siyad Barre government launched ‘The Somalia Rural Literacy Campaign’ – an ambitious campaign to teach people to read in rural Somalia, mostly through the unprecedented deployment of thousands of […]
Policy options for resolving the status of Mogadishu
The unresolved status of Mogadishu is one of the key outstanding issues in Somalia’s political settlement. Since 2012, Somalia has made progress in clarifying its federal model through the establishment of Federal Member States (FMS) and efforts – albeit with limited success – to clarify relationships between different levels of government. The status of Mogadishu, […]
Xulashooyinka lagu xallin karo maqaamka Muqdisho
Maqaamka Muqdisho oo aan weli la xalin ayaa kamid ah arrimaha ugu muhiimsan heshiiska siyaasadda Soomaaliya. Lagasoo bilaabo sanadkii 2012, Soomaaliya waxay horumar ka samaysay in la caddeeyo nooca federaalka iyadoo la dhisay Dowlad-goboleedyo sidoo kalena la sameeyay dadaallo – inkastoo guulo kooban laga gaaray – si loo caddeeyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya heerarka kala duwan […]
Policy options for agreeing a model for fiscal federalism
Somalia first formally adopted a federal model in 2004 with the establishment of the Transitional Federal Charter. Since then, it has been deepened and clarified with the adoption of the Provisional Federal Constitution in 2012 and the subsequent formation of the country’s Federal Member States (FMS). This process has provided the basis for cooperation and […]
XULASHOOYINKA HESHIIS LAGA GAARO HABKA FEDERAALEYNTA MAALIYADDA
Soomaaliya ayaa markii ugu horreysay si rasmi ah u qaadatay hannaanka federaalka sannadkii 2004-tii markii la sameeyay Axdiga Federaalka Kumeelgaarka. Tan iyo markaas, dhidibada ayaa loo aasay iyadoo la qeexay markii la meel mariyay Dastuurka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee 2012 iyo dhismihii xigay ee Dowlad-goboleedyada ee dalka. Habkani waxa uu saldhig u noqday iskaashiga iyo […]
Options for allocating powers in Somalia’s federal system
Somalia formally adopted a federal system in 2004 with the establishment of the Transitional Federal Government. This model became more established in 2012 with the ratification of the Provisional Federal Constitution (PFC), which clarified many critical areas of Somalia’s governance dispensation. In principle, the introduction of federalism was intended to dis-incentivize conflict, as it was […]