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Rift Valley Institute

Making local knowledge work

DARDARGALINTA HESHIISKA SIYAASADEED EE JUBALAND: FURSADAHA DARDARGALIN WADAHADAL

Dulmar 

Tan iyo markii la sameeyay dowlad-goboleedka Jubaland 2012-kii, tobannaan sano oo colaado ah ka dib, xasilooni ayaa ka jirta qeybo kamid ah gobolka. Iyadoo ay side tahay, waxaa weli sii socda amni darrada, gacan ka haal siyaasad la xiriira, dhibaatooyinka bini’aadamnimo iyadoo uu jiro khilaaf soo noqnoqday oo u dhexeeya Jubaland iyo dowladda federaalka. Kala qeybsanaanta siyaasadeed ayaa ka muuqata dhaq-dhaqaaqyada ka jira gobolka: Al-Shabaab ayaa ka taliya inta badan gobolka Jubbada Dhexe, iyadoo aanay jirin wadashaqeyn ka dhexeysa madaxda gobolka Gedo iyo maamulka Jubaland. Xasilooni-darrada ka jirta Jubaland ayaa dhawaan isu beddeshay gacan ka dal, iyadoo khilaafka u dhexeeya dowlad-goboleedka iyo dowladda federaalka uu ka jiray Gedo intii u dhexeysay 2019-2021.

Xasilooni-darrada Jubaland waxa ay ka dhalatay qayb ahaan habacsanaanta ‘heshiiska siyaasadeed’ oo ah hannaanka asaasiga ah oo ay ku heshiiyeen jilayaasha siyaasadda ee qeybsiga, iyo tartanka, awoodaha. Heshiiska siyaasadeed ee Jubaland waxa uu leeyahay dhowr cilladood. Ugu horeyn, weli ma hiçin heshiis waara oo ku saabsan qeybsiga kheyraadka ee guud ahaan dowlad-goboleedka, gaar ahaan dakhliga kasoo xarooda dekedda Kismaayo iyo xuduudaha dalalka Itoobiya iyo Kenya. Loollanka loogu jiray Kismaayo gaar ahaan, oo ah caasimadda dowlad-goboleedka, ayaa 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay xuddun u ahayd dhaqdhaqaaqyada colaadeed, waxa ayna weli aasaas u tahay tartanka kooxaha.

Midda labaad, amniga guud ee Jubaland ayaa u kala qeybsan gobollada Gedo, Jubbada Dhexe iyo Jubbada Hoose, iyadoo inta badan hay’adaha amniga ay diiradda saaraan loollanka siyaasadeed halkii ay xaqiijin lahaayeen amniga muwaadiniinta.

Midda saddexaad, waxaa xaddidan fursadda in la dhiso maamul furan oo loo dhan yahay. Beelo badan ayaa saluugsan nidaamka awood qeybsiga beelaha ee hay’adaha Jubaland, iyadoo habraacyadii hore ee ‘doorasho’ lagu dhaliilayay faragelin siyaasadeed iyo hufnaan la’aan. Inkastoo inta badan loollanka gacan ku heynta Kismaayo uu u dhexeeyo qabiilo dhowr ah, haddana waxaa sidoo kale lagu sifeeyay takoorka beelaha aan awoodda badan lahayn, kuwaasoo waayay metelaad wax-ku-ool ah oo ay ku yeeshaan hay’adaha ama fursad ay kaga qeyb qaataan go’aannada siyaasadeed.

Midda afaraad, tan iyo sanadkii 2012, xiriirka dowlad-goboleedka iyo dowladda federaalka ayaa inta badan ahaa mid cakiran, iyadoo maamulladii federaalka ee is xig-xigay ay doonayeen in ay awood isticmaalaan oo ay kaashadaan kooxaha ka jira Jubaland, taasoo sii xumeyneysay xaaladda siyaasadeed ee awalba kacsaneyd.

Midda shanaad, daneeyeyaasha dalalka gobolka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyada colaadeed iyagoo taageeray kooxaha ku loollamayay Jubaland.

Ugu dambeyn, Al-shabaab oo aan weli qeyb ka ahayn heshiiska siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya ayaa weli ku xooggan gobolka Jubbada Dhexe, waxa ayna weli weerarro ka geystaan dowlad-goboleedka Jubaland iyo guud ahaan dalka.

Daciifnimadan ka jirta heshiiska siyaasadeed ee Jubaland ayaa sahlay xasaradihii iyo gacan ka hadalkii billowday sanadkii 2018 ee la xiriiray loollanka doorashadii qaran ee daba-dheeraatay. Xitaa kadib markii lasoo gabagabeeyay hannaankii doorashada bishii May 2022, waxaa jiray xasillooni-darro siyaasadeed iyo suurtagalnimada in uu khilaaf dhaco. Dhawaan, waxaa soo ifbaxay xiisad ka dhalatay golaha sharci-dejinta ee dowlad-goboleedka oo ansixiyay in muddo kordhin hal sano ah loo sameeyo baarlamaanka iyo madaxweynaha. Doorashada soo socota ee Jubaland ayaa qorsheysneyd inay dhacdo bisha Ogosto 2023, iyadoo arrinkan uu muran badan ka jiro marka loo eego isku dayada kooxaha aan qeybta ka ahayn maamulka ay ku doonayaan inay wax kaga beddelaan nidaamka awood qeybsiga beelaha. Muddo kordhintu waxa ay sii kordhisay xiisadda iyo loollanka.

Haddii la doonayo in horumar dhab ah laga gaaro nabadeynta, horumarka iyo dowladnimada, waa in wax laga beddelaa heshiiska siyaasadeed ee Jubaland, lana abuuro jawi loo dhanyahay oo ay qeybaha kala duwan ee hormuudka uga heshiin karaan sida ugu habboon ee awoodda loo qeybin karo, looguna tartami karo. Si taas loo gaaro, faalladan kooban waxa ay qeexeysaa hababka suurtagalka ah ee dib loogu dardardargalin karo wada-hadallada ku saabsan geeddi-socod doorasho oo ku saleysan is-afgarad, taasoo gogol-dhjg u noqon doonta isbeddel ballaaran oo lagu sameeyo heshiiska siyaasadeed.

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